Design Space
The unknown parameters to be estimated are kinetic constants taken from a model described in Bates & Watts (1988).
Objective Function
This chart shows the change in the objective function with each iteration. The objective function is evaluated based on the global best particle.
Model
The nonlinear parameter estimation problem is taken from Bates & Watts (1988). The model describes the variation of biochemical oxygen demand (y) over time (x).